Chemical reaction in cargo

As discussed in section 2.4.3, some hazardous substances can chemically react with other substances or with themselves. There are several possible hazards resulting from chemical reactions in cargo tanks:

Heat emitted from a reaction may decrease the structural integrity of the ship. As; for example when a monomer starts polymerizing. This reaction is very vigorous, and once started is very difficult to stop, though the heat may be dissipated to reduce danger to the ship and its crew by cooling heated areas with copious amounts of water

Reaction products can create hazardous substances beyond those amenable to installed safety measures. Thus, calcium carbide reacts with water to produce acetylene, which forms explosive mixtures with air. Again, a toxic vapour escaping from a hold will endanger the crew. However, subsequent dilution in both cases will reduce such dangers. Yet again, chemical reaction can cause an increase, in pressure, which may rupture cargo tanks.